Special Education – Introduction to Persons with Autism Spectrum Disorders (SPCE 680) Practice Exam

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• Why is it challenging to identify co-occurring bipolar disorder in individuals with ASD?
• What was the major problem with the concept of autism subtypes?
• In assessing challenging behavior, what is the purpose of identifying consequences?
• Which group of perinatal risk factors does not include factors specifically related to the health of the mother?
• What technique is related to the study of chromosomal abnormalities in cytogenetics?
• What conclusion can be drawn regarding the Wechsler scales and individuals with ASD?
• What developmental issue may children with autistic psychopathy present with?
• What term describes the heightened sensitivity to noise that can cause agitation in individuals with ASD, as illustrated during a parade?
• Which disorder is most commonly associated with individuals who have autism?
• Which of the following is not a recommended approach to assess comorbidities in individuals with ASD?
• What ages are considered unsuitable for the use of SRS-2 in diagnosing ASD?
• Which theory was disproved by 1970 regarding the cause of ASD?
• Which aspect of anxiety in ASD might complicate educational interventions over time?
• What is the primary function of knowing a test's reliability?
• According to the DSM-5, if an individual has preoccupations and repetitive behaviors that markedly interfere with functioning, what severity level would this be classified as?
• Which behavior is not one of the Wing's four types of autism-related social behavior?
• Which statement is a common characteristic of individuals with high-functioning autism?
• At what developmental stage might children begin cooperating with requests involving standardized test materials?
• What is known about the difference in gender between individuals with high-functioning and low-functioning autism?
• Prior to the recognition of ASD as a distinct condition, how were the least able children with ASD often described?
• If a test has a reliability of .80, what type of decisions should it be used for according to the guidelines?
• Which statement best describes the 'Specifiers' in the DSM-5 regarding subsets of individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorder?
• In which areas have examples of savant abilities been documented?
• Under what circumstances should comorbidity be considered?
• What is the appropriate age range for using the Psychoeducational Profile, Third Edition (PEP-3)?
• Which risk factor is related to both genetics and environmental influences?
• What role does the cerebrum play in individuals diagnosed with autism?
• What severity level does DSM-5 assign for marked deficits in verbal and nonverbal social communication skills that require substantial support?
• What aspect of development is notably affected in individuals on the autism spectrum?
• What is a key challenge in understanding the causes of autism?
• What defines the 'active but odd' group of individuals with autism?
• Who typically fills out the Autism Spectrum Rating Scale (ASRS)?
• Which aspect was not a main focus of Chapter 2?
• How is the Picture Exchange Communication System best described?
• What autism subtype was abandoned in the DSM-5?
• Who is primarily responsible for the transfer of information between research and schools in the context of ASD?
• When a child with ASD displays impaired abilities but retains a few unexpected skills related to the impaired abilities, this is referred to as what?
• Which of the following conditions is commonly associated with repetitive behaviors in individuals with autism?
• What plays a vital role in the accuracy of autism diagnosis?
• Which of the following is true about individuals with ASD communicating in social settings?
• What are challenging behaviors in individuals with autism often defined as?
• By the mid-1970s, which theory about Autism Spectrum Disorder was disproven?
• What does effective treatment development aim to achieve through functional analysis?
• Which reason is NOT considered important for explaining autism?
• Which of the following best describes the impact of language impairment on children with ASD?
• Which behavior is commonly associated with children diagnosed with autism?
• When comparing language impairment, which statement accurately describes individuals with high-functioning autism?
• Which best explains problems in neurotypical brain development?
• Communication difficulties are often first noticed when?
• Which of the following tools is NOT commonly used in analogue functional analysis?
• What is a common outcome observed in studies regarding ASD and environmental risk factors?
• What is the primary focus of assessment once a child reaches elementary school?
• What is the significance of understanding brain chemistry in autism research?
• What term refers to the study of the frequency and distribution of diseases or disorders within populations?
• What is dopamine commonly referred to as in relation to its effects on the brain?
• Which statement is true regarding diagnostic assessment of ASD in the first year of life?
• What trend has been observed regarding anxiety in individuals with ASD as they age?
• Which of the following is NOT proven as an environmental risk factor for autism?
• Which anxiety disorder is most frequently observed in individuals with ASD?
• What theory explains the decline in dyadic interaction over the first year of life in individuals with autism?
• What is a critical component when engaging with families of children with ASD?
• The understanding of autism has evolved to include which important factor?
• Who are the two individuals credited with first identifying autism?
• A major characteristic of the aloof group is that they often:
• What is essential for someone diagnosed with Autism Spectrum Disorder to successfully transition to adulthood?
• What new diagnostic category was created by the DSM-5?
• Which of the following is included in Creak's Nine Points diagnostic list for schizophrenia?
• Which of the following represents a change from DSM-IV to DSM-5 diagnostic criteria?
• What do memory retrieval impairment, a deviating sense of self, and problems in assembling activities indicate?
• Which of the following best describes the term "sensitivity" in screening tests?
• What is a key concern regarding the standardization of behavior checklists for diagnosing disorders in individuals with ASD?
• Families of which socio-economic status were historically thought to have higher occurrences of autism?
• What does the phrase "Age of Onset" suggest regarding autism diagnosis?
• A person who is part of the aloof group typically shows what behavior?
• What are the two core impairments emphasized in the updated DSM-5 for making an ASD diagnosis?
• What can affect the accuracy of diagnostic assessments for individuals with ASD?
• How do research findings generally characterize the behaviors within the DSM-5 for autism?
• Screening for ASD in groups of children already identified with developmental concerns is considered what type of screening?
• What is a true statement about the terminology used in autism research?
• Neurosis is characterized as what type of disturbance?
• What is the most accurate statement about behavioral issues in autism?
• It is common for individuals with ASD to exhibit hypersensitivity to which of the following senses?
• LEAP is an acronym for which of the following programs?
• A mother observes her child pretending to wash dishes in a toy sink. This behavior is an example of what type of play?
• What type of analysis helps identify triggers for challenging behavior?
• What did recent research using the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory-2 indicate about individuals with ASD?
• What factor significantly influences how changes, including new assessment methods, are implemented in schools?
• Which approach focuses on natural settings and targets a variety of behaviors?
• What is a critical element in assessing young children for possible ASD?
• Are there substantial studies validating that early interventions can significantly alter developmental outcomes for children with autism?
• Which statement is true regarding the cause of autism?
• What is the key characteristic of effective early intervention for autism?
• In terms of memory studies, which is a characteristic that is noted about lower-functioning autism?
• What aspect of parenting styles can influence the development of children with autism?
• A father notes his son's slow hand movements and delayed reactions while catching a ball. His son likely has which type of deficits?
• In a triadic interaction, how many people are sharing their attention to the same object or event?
• A 6-year-old with ASD who can play complex musical pieces after a single hearing may be described as having what ability?
• Young or middle-aged adults with ASD have death rates that are how many times higher than those in the general public?
• What is a limitation of conducting functional analysis in a controlled environment?
• What is the primary goal of functional analysis?
• What is a characteristic that Kanner did NOT include in early autism descriptions?
• What vulnerabilities led to studies in cortisol levels for individuals with autism?
• It is becoming clear that ASD is often what in more able girls and women?
• Which two disorders were more characterized as degenerative disorders in the DSM-IV rather than as autism disorders?
• How should findings from memory studies on individuals with ASD be interpreted?
• What is the primary goal of early intervention services for children diagnosed with ASD?
• How does descriptive assessment contribute to functional analysis?
• In assessing the severity of Autism Spectrum Disorders, what is critical to document?
• Which of the following is an essential aspect of understanding communication in those with language impairment?
• Perinatal risk factors for ASD are sometimes categorized under which term?
• Which of the following was included in Asperger's early descriptions of autism?
• Which sequence of steps is correct for developing a scale to assess ASD?
• Which type of statement would an individual with autism be least likely to make?
• Direction of looking studies indicate that which individuals with ASD struggle with implicit 'theory of mind' (ToM)?
• Which of the following statements is most accurate regarding neurodevelopmental factors in autism?
• Is the statement 'Glutamate is an excitatory neurotransmitter essential for maintaining neural balance' true or false?
• What can be concluded about the DSM-5 restricted, repetitive behaviors related to autism?
• According to estimates in 2012, the prevalence of ASD was believed to be 1 in how many members of the population?
• What best describes the structure of the brain relevant to autism?
• Mindreading impairment is most closely related to which aspect of communication?
• Which characteristic is defined for the lower-functioning language impairment group?
• Which statement about cognitive abilities in individuals with ASD is not accurate?
• Which condition were early psychiatrists believed to associate with autism symptoms?
• What is a key benefit of brief and accessible functional analysis procedures?
• Which hormones are often studied together in relation to autism?
• Which is a common factor in communication issues related to ASD?
• What type of leisure activities are most individuals with ASD likely to enjoy?
• What was the first academic journal to specifically focus on autism?
• According to DSM-IV, which conditions were categorized as subtypes of autism?
• Which statement is true regarding the existence of a cure for autism?
• What was the outcome of studies evaluating teachers' effectiveness in learning functional analysis?
• What would be the primary focus when conducting interventions for children on the autism spectrum?
• What type of social interaction does triadic interaction specifically refer to?
• What does emerging evidence suggest about sporadic ASD and twin studies?
• What is a significant factor that contributes to the risk of suicide among children with ASD?
• In the 'Russel Window Task', how do children with autism typically respond?
• Which of the following physical treatments has been shown to be ineffective for individuals with ASD?
• What characteristic is associated with impaired communication in individuals with autism?
• What feature makes the Children's Depression Inventory more user-friendly for children compared to other self-report tools?
• What type of diet is frequently discussed concerning its effectiveness for individuals with ASD?
• What term is used to describe the inherited traits of an individual, such as height and hair color?
• What are the four causal links to establish a realistic agenda for the explanation of autism?
• What role do antecedent events play in assessing challenging behaviors in individuals with ASD?
• Which of the following is relevant to the shared traits in individuals with autism spectrum disorder?
• A child with ASD who has difficulties in identifying what or whom he is discussing is said to have what type of impairment?
• Which of the following uneven motor skills is not commonly found in individuals with ASD?
• Which of the following is not considered an innate capability?
• What is a true characteristic about the broader autism phenotype?
• Kanner's early descriptions of autism noted which of the following traits?
• What is generally the next goal of the PECS after the learner has progressed beyond single pictures?
• What is the consensus regarding the single cause of autism?
• What is an important aspect of assessing the educational needs of a child with ASD?
• Who is crucial to involve in effective educational practices for children with ASD?
• How are genetic risk factors best described?
• What is the term for the enhanced ability of some individuals with ASD to perform tasks after minimal exposure?
• What describes a rare subset of individuals with lower-functioning autism that experience persistent non-verbal behavior?
• Which factor is known to significantly influence the emotional well-being of individuals with ASD?
• What task would an individual with autism most likely excel at?
• Who typically completes the symptom checklists used in various assessments?
• In setting cutoff scores on a screening test, which pair of factors are weighed?
• What age group is typically not recommended for the Social Responsiveness Scale to assess ASD?
• After the age of two, diagnoses of ASD made by experienced professionals using clinical judgment and standardized diagnostic tools tend to be described as:
• What techniques does Pivotal Response Training (PRT) utilize?
• What can be definitively said about the risk factors related to autism?
• Which statement correctly defines single critical causes for autism?
• What do the diagnostic criteria in the DSM-5 now supplement with?
• The primary reason autism subtypes were eliminated within the DSM-5 was due to what issue?
• Which statement best reflects the importance of evidence-based interventions in ASD?
• The term dissociable is used when referring to the ability to do what regarding communication and language?
• What condition does Scott likely have, which affects his ability to describe his feelings during a counseling session?
• With regard to the complex causes of autism, what statement is accurate?
• What source of complexity is discussed in relation to the search for the causes of autism?
• Which of the following is NOT a method for assessing brain chemistry?
• The statement "Referent refers to the entity or thing in the world that a word stands for" is:
• Borderline evidence-based non-physical treatments exclude which of the following?
• True or False: High rates of concordance in monozygotic twins compared to discordance in dizygotic twins prove that genetic factors have no effect on the development of ASD.
• According to the DSM-IV criteria, which of the following is NOT a recognized subtype of autism?
• Which method is used to enhance the evaluation of a child with ASD?
• At what age can children with pervasive developmental disorder not otherwise specified be distinguished from children with autism based on specific criteria?
• Which term was not previously used when referencing autism?
• Which factor should be considered when differentiating between ASD and psychosis?
• Are all innate capabilities that foster reciprocal bonds between babies and caregivers considered congenital?
• What distinguishes the ADOS-2 from most other scales used to assess ASD?
• When assessing a child with ASD, which element is crucial to consider?
• What statement best describes compensation within the brain?
• What condition is characterized by "persistent difficulties in the social use of verbal and nonverbal communication" that significantly interferes with various aspects of life?
• How many semantic memory studies have been reported in individuals with lower-functioning autism?
• According to the text, what is a short-term priority in understanding autism?
• Which statement correctly reflects the notion of neurodiversity in relation to autism?
• What is the primary focus of theories concerning the causes of autism?
• What is one key feature of Autism Spectrum Disorders according to current understanding?
• Creak's 'Nine Points' relates to diagnostic criteria for which condition?
• Self-stimulatory stereotypic movements include all the following behaviors except for which?
• What is considered the "gold standard" for direct observation measures for diagnosing ASD in the second year of life?
• What is critical for understanding language impairment in individuals with ASD?
• Which is considered a reliable method for early diagnosis of ASD?
• What classification system do psychiatrists and psychologists use to diagnose autism?
• Which of the following is not a behavior typically exhibited in the second year of life associated with a later diagnosis of ASD?
• Individuals with high-functioning autism sometimes display what type of speech?
• In what year was infantile autism formally recognized as a distinct condition?
• Which of the following is NOT a factor undermining single factor theories of autism?
• Effective strategies for working with children on the autism spectrum often include what type of environment?
• After testing a scale, what steps are taken if items are found to have lower than acceptable reliability?
• What method of intervention is most effective for children aged 12 months and younger?
• When informing parents for the first time about their child's ASD, what is the most appropriate approach?
• Which factor was historically attributed to the causes of autism?
• What role does glutamate play as a neurotransmitter in the brain?
• When did Hans Asperger's work gain recognition in English-speaking countries?
• Which trio of factors is considered a single common pathway explanation for autism?
• What is one common characteristic of individuals diagnosed with social communication disorder?
• According to DSM-5, the signs of autism must have been present during which stage of development for older individuals to be classified with ASD?
• Which developmental approach can be beneficial for individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorders in educational settings?
• Which of the following statements about root causes of autism is false?
• What defines savant abilities in individuals with autism?
• Which of the following best explains the challenges faced by many children with ASD during social interactions?
• Which statement best reflects the understanding of autism spectrum disorders today?
• In which subtype of autism is the ability to maintain good vocabulary often noted?
• Which criterion is NOT used when judging explanatory power?
• What type of interests do children with autistic psychopathy often exhibit?
• Diagnostic criteria for ASD are now supplemented by what?
• What aspect does the Autism Diagnostic Interview, Revised (ADI-R) assess?
• Why is it important for both measures to have high reliability coefficients when comparing two assessments?
• Which statement accurately describes the differences between crystallised intelligence and fluid intelligence?
• Which of the following symptoms is NOT traditionally associated with autism spectrum disorders?
• In the early years, autism was frequently misdiagnosed as which mental disorder?
• The research supports the idea that early intensive treatment can:
• Which of the following concerns related to the DSM-5 diagnostic criteria has been discussed by authors?
• Why might online chat rooms and social media be easier for individuals with ASD to communicate through?
• When evaluating children for ASD, what element should practitioners pay attention to regarding emotional responses?
• Which of the following issues is NOT considered when evaluating the diagnostic behavioral characteristics of autism?
• Who are those individuals that argue against autism intervention modalities and advocate for neurodiversity?
• Neurotrophins play a crucial role in which of the following?
• When was Autism Spectrum Disorder first recognized as a distinct condition?
• Episodic memory and relational memory are considered to be:
• Significant motor clumsiness is commonly referred to in descriptions of which condition?
• What is a recognized intervention method for individuals with autism?
• Which behavior is considered stereotypic in ASD?